Renewables cause significantly lower pollution, but have a higher demand for structural materials
Under business as usual conditions, by 2040, plastic leakage to the ocean is set to nearly triple
Main metal-containing items for post-consumer waste are cars, electronic appliances and packaging.
Economic production happens in cities, with 80% of global GDP produced on just 2% of land surface.
Primary metal production is responsible for 7-8% of global energy use.
11 million tonnes of plastic are discharged into the ocean annually.
Low-carbon energy technologies could avoid 17 million tonnes per year of particulate matter.
Built environment and mobility stand as the leading drivers of the rising global material demand, closely followed by food and energy.
These sectors combined account for approximately 90% of global material demand.